gpscorrelate — correlates digital images with GPS data filling EXIF fields
gpscorrelate  [{
          -g file.gpx
        } |  {
          [ -l  |   --latlong
            latitude,longitude[ ,elevation ]
             ]
        }] [ -z  |   --timeadd
        +/-HH[:MM]
         ] [ --no-photo-tz ] [ -O  |   
          --photooffset seconds
         ] [ -i  |   --no-interpolation ] [ -v  |   --verbose ] [ -d  |   --datum datum
         ] [ -n  |   --no-write ] [ -R  |   --replace ] [ -m  |   --max-dist time
         ] [ -t  |   --ignore-tracksegs ] [ --heading ] [ -B  |   --max-heading degrees
         ] [ -b  |   --direction degrees
         ] [ -M  |   --no-mtime ] [ --degmins ]  
        image.jpg
      ... 
gpscorrelate  { -s  |   --show  |   -o  |   --machine }  image.jpg... 
gpscorrelate  { -x  |   --show-gpx } [ -z  |   
          --timeadd +/-HH[:MM]
         ] [ --no-photo-tz ] [ -O  |   
          --photooffset seconds
         ]  image.jpg... 
gpscorrelate  { -r  |   --remove } [ -M  |   --no-mtime ]  image.jpg... 
gpscorrelate  { -f  |   --fix-datestamps } { -z  |   
          --timeadd +/-HH[:MM]
         }  image.jpg... 
gpscorrelate    -V  |   --version  |   -h  |   --help  
This manual page documents the gpscorrelate command. There is extended documentation available in HTML format; see below.
gpscorrelate is a program that acts on digital images in JPEG format, filling in the EXIF (Exchangeable Image File Format) fields related to GPS (Global Positioning System) information. Source for the GPS data is a GPX (GPS Exchange Format) file, which records GPS location information in an XML-based format. The act of filling those fields is referred to as correlation.
 If GPS data are available at the precise moment the image was taken
      (with a 1-second granularity) the GPS data are stored unmodified in EXIF
      fields. If they are not, linear interpolation of GPS data available at
      moments before and after the image was taken can be used. If the image
      contains sub-second time resolution, it is used to obtain a more accurate
      estimate of the position between the two points. Linear interpolation
      gives good results when points are close together, but if they are several
      kilometres apart (such as on an infrequently-sampled airplane track), it
      will introduce some error versus the great circle route an airplane
      normally flies. A measure of the approximate accuracy of the GPS location
      reading (based on the number of digits recorded in the track point) is
      preserved when written into the image through the denominator
      of rational value fields. A GPSDOP tag is also
      written for exact point matches when satellite HDOP information is
      available, providing a more dependable estimate of location accuracy.
    
      The interpolation algorithm assumes that time values in GPX files are
      strictly increasing, which is normally the case. If a GPX file is found
      to violate this assumption, the message Warning: track points
      are not ordered by time is written so stderr along
      with the first backwards-going time value. Any location values written
      to images using such a file may not be using the best GPS coordinate
      points available if the images were taken around the time of the time
      incongruity.  No warning is given if time between track segments goes
      backwards, which would only affect correlations when
      --ignore-tracksegs is used.
      The --max-dist option can be used to place a limit
      on how large a time gap is accepted, which can limit the effect if this
      occurs.
    
These programs follow the usual GNU command line syntax, with long options starting with two dashes (`-'). A summary of options is included below.
-g,
          --gps
          file.gpx
        Correlate images using the specified GPX file containing
          GPS track points.  This option can be given many times to
          specify multiple GPX files.  For each photo being correlated,
          the first file containing a track covering the time the photo
          was taken will be the one used. All
          <trk> segments in each file are
          used. 
-l,
          --latlong
          latitude,longitude[,elevation]
        Provide a specific geographic coordinate to use for all images
            instead correlating along a path in a GPX file. The format must be
            of the general form
            latitude,longitude,elevation where latitude
            and longitude must each be in either decimal form, such as
            -123.45678 or in degrees/minutes/seconds
            form, such as -123°45'67.8" or
            -123d45m67s. Providing an elevation is
            optional. Each component can be separated by commas, spaces or tabs.
          
Note that this option has a known limitation in that it does not honour the locale's decimal place character in locales that use other than ".".
-s,
          --show
        Only show the GPS data already in the given image's EXIF tags instead of correlating them. The time shown comes directly from the image without adjustments.
-x,
          --show-gpx
        Only show the GPS data in the given images in GPX format.
           Note that the points are written in the order in which the images
           are found on the command-line, so be sure to give them in the order
           in which they were photographed. The
           -z/--timeadd and
           -O/--photooffset options are
           honoured just as in correlation to determine the correct time zone
           of the images. Images that can't be read or aren't GPS tagged are
           ignored. If the times of the photos given on the command-line are not
           strictly increasing, the message Warning: image files are
           not ordered by time. is written to stderr.
          
-o,
          --machine
        Only show the GPS data of the given images in a machine-readable CSV format. The time shown comes directly from the image without adjustments. Images without GPS tags are ignored. The fields output are file name, date and time, latitude, longitude, elevation, where the first value is the filename, as passed, the second is the timestamp, and the last three are floating point values with an optional leading plus or minus.
-r,
          --remove
        Remove all GPS EXIF data from the given images. Note that this only removes the GPS tags that the program could add; it does not delete all possible GPS EXIF tags. All other tags are left alone.
-z,
          --timeadd
          +/-HH[:MM]
        Time to add to GPS points to make them match the timestamps of the
            images. GPS timestamps are in UTC; image timestamps are generally
            in local time.  Enter the timezone used when taking the images; e.g.,
            +8 for Perth, Western Australia or
            -2:30 for St. John's, Newfoundland.
            This defaults to the time zone embedded in the image, or if that is not
            available (or when --no-photo-tz is given), the
            UTC offset of the local time zone as of the time of the first image
            processed (versions before 1.7 defaulted to 00:00).
--no-photo-tz
        
            Ignore any OffsetTimeOriginal EXIF tags in
            photos that specify the time zone in which the photo was taken.
            If the tag is wrong, such as if the user forgot to update the time
            zone manually when travelling, then this will prevent it from being
            used. If this option is given, then gpscorrelate
            reverts to using automatic time zone detection for the photo, or
            a manually-specified one (if --timeadd is
            given).
            
-O,
          --photooffset
          seconds
        Time in seconds (fractional seconds are allowed) to add to the photo timestamp to make it match the GPS timestamp. To determine the number of seconds needed, just create a photograph of your GPS device showing the current time and compare it with the timestamp of your photo file. The EXIF time tags in the image are not modified based on this value.
-i,
          --no-interpolation
        Disable linear interpolation between points.
          With this flag, the nearest exact point (within
          --max-dist) is used. Without this flag,
          photos taken between the time of two recorded GPS coordinates
          are correlated based on linear interpolation between those two
          points. 
-v,
          --verbose
        Show slightly more information during the image correlation process, such as the GPS data selected for each image.
-d,
          --datum datum
        Specify GPS measurement datum. If not
          set, WGS-84 is used
          (TOKYO is another possibility).  However, GPX
          is not supposed to store anything but WGS-84, so this should only
          ever be needed with the --latlong
          option.
-n,
          --no-write
        Do not write the correlated EXIF data back into the
          image. Useful with --verbose to see
          what would happen during image correlation.
-R,
          --replace
        Overwrite any existing GPS tags in the file. Without this option, any file that already contains GPS tags will be skipped.
-m,
          --max-dist time
        Maximum time in seconds from the photo time which a logged GPS point can refer and still be used for correlation. This defaults to 0, which means to disable this check. Only one of the two points need be within this range for correlation to take place.
If a clear view of sufficient GPS satellites is lost while recording a track, then there may be location gaps in the GPX file. If the accuracy of the recorded location is paramount and you would rather not correlate a position at all for a photo if the available GPS coordinates were recorded too long ago in the past or too far into the future (relative to when the photo was taken), then set this to a nonzero value.
 This option will also prevent recording heading and
          direction under the same circumstances (see
          --max-heading for a discussion of when this
          may be needed).
          
-t,
          --ignore-tracksegs
        Interpolate between track segments, too.
          Generally, track segments show multiple sessions of GPS logging;
          between them is generally when the GPS was not logging.
          Since interpolation honours the --max-dist
          flag, even track segments with wide time gaps can
          safely be used if both flags are set.  Without this
          flag, photos taken within the time gap between two
          <trkseg> tracks in the GPX file
          are not correlated.
--heading
        Write an EXIF tag showing the direction of movement at the time
          of image capture. This is only possible if the direction is written
          in an appropriate tag within a <trkpt> entry
          in the GPX file. Supported tags are course
          (from GPX 1.0), extensions/TrackPointExtension/course
          (a Garmin®
          TrackPointExtension), and
          extensions/compass
          (written by OSMTracker•).
          
gpscorrelate treats each of these tags as holding the true direction of movement, but they aren't very well defined and might not hold exactly what's expected. For example, a phone might store the direction it's facing rather than the direction of movement, or the direction might be the magnetic heading instead of true heading. Or, a device might estimate the heading from GPS movement which will be inaccurate at slow speeds. Use your knowledge of the recording application to determine how much faith you can place in the resulting tags.
If this is used with --latlong instead of with
          --gps, then a fixed heading of 0 is written (this is
          subject to change in the future).
        
-B,
          --max-heading degrees
        Don't write the tags for --heading and
          --direction for images where the heading has
          changed by more than the specified number of degrees between the GPX
          points being used.  This prevents writing a value that is likely to be
          inaccurate because the image was taken during a sharp turn. This
          is off by default.
          
This option won't prevent writing an incorrect heading or
          direction in the case where GPS points are sparser than the time it
          takes the recording vehicle to make a nearly 360°
          turn. For example, if the vehicle takes 8 seconds to turn
          completely around but GPS tags are written every 10 seconds,
          then the two points written at either end of the
          turn could have headings that are very close (within
          --max-heading) yet a picture taken in the
          middle of the turn, 4 seconds after the first tag,
          would have an interpolated heading that is around 180°
          off the correct value. Prevent this kind of bad value from
          being written by setting a --max-dist that
          is much less than the time it takes to turn around, such as
          4 in this example.
          
-b,
          --direction degrees
        write an EXIF tag showing the direction the camera was pointing
          when the image was taken. The degrees argument gives the offset
          between the direction of travel (the value that would be written if
          --heading were given) and the camera direction. For
          example, if the camera is mounted pointing out the right side window
          of a car then this would be specified as --direction
          90. If --heading is
          also given, then the two tags will always be this number of degrees
          apart. If accuracy is important, use the
          --max-heading and --max-dist
          options to limit writing these tags to times when there is a good fix
          on the position and not during a sharp turn.  Since this option
          applies along the entire track, it's only generally useful when the
          camera is fixed in the vehicle during the trip.
          
This may be used with --latlong in which case
          the argument is used as the camera direction without alteration.
          
-M,
          --no-mtime
        Do not change the last modification time of changed files.
-f,
          --fix-datestamps
        Fix broken GPS datestamps written with
          gpscorrelate versions < 1.5.2 by replacing
          them with the photo's time stamp.  Prior to 1.5.2,  two bugs
          wrote the wrong value for the GPSDateStamp and GPSTimeStamp tags.
          This option will check each supplied filename for the problem and
          correct it. Use with --no-write to prevent
          writing these changes (useful for checking for the issue).  This
          option also implies --no-mtime. You will
          also need to use --timeadd to specify the
          difference between localtime and UTC time for the supplied
          photos.
--degmins
        Write location as DD MM.MM (instead of the more accurate DD MM SS.SS) as was the default in gpscorrelate versions < 1.5.3. There is no good reason to use this option unless some broken program expects this style.
-h,
          --help
        Only show a summary of options.
-V,
          --version
        Only print the gpscorrelate version number and copyright information.
Correlate all photos in a directory taken in western Europe in the summer (i.e., UTC-2):
    gpscorrelate -g Test.gpx -z 2 *.jpg
    
Correlate all photos in a directory taken in Italy, switching to UTC-2 or UTC-1 depending on the daylight savings time in effect when the first picture in the list was taken:
    env TZ=Europe/Rome gpscorrelate -g Test.gpx *.jpg
    
Correlate all photos in a directory from a track spread out over two different track files and taken in the computer's current time zone, interpolating between segments and between files while ignoring photos taken too far away from a recorded point, without changing the file time stamp of the files, while showing details of the process:
    gpscorrelate -g track1.gpx -g track2.gpx -m 120 -t -M -v *.jpg
    
Correlate images taken from a dashcam, adding direction tags from the GPX file:
    gpscorrelate --heading --max-heading 90 --direction 0 -g Test.gpx *.jpg
    
Correlate a set of photos taken with a camera aimed straight out of the right-hand passenger side window of a car (90° from straight ahead), using a GPX file containing direction tags, skipping direction tagging during fast turns and all tags when a GPS lock is lost for more than 6 seconds (to avoid writing inaccurate tags):
    gpscorrelate -g car_trip.gpx --heading --max-heading 45 --direction 90 --max-dist 6 --ignore-tracksegs *.jpg
    
Correlate a photo taken from a camera with a fast clock (i.e., the clock was 77.5 seconds ahead of GPS time) and with incorrectly-specified time zone tags:
    gpscorrelate -g Test.gpx -O -77.5 --no-photo-tz photo.jpg
    
Show existing GPS tags in a photo:
    gpscorrelate --show photo.jpg
    
Show existing GPS tags in a photo and output in CSV format:
    gpscorrelate --show --machine photo.jpg
    
Create a GPX track from a set of images taken in the UK in winter that are already GPS tagged (e.g., as might come from a cell phone camera), which can be used to correlate other photos taken on another nearby camera:
    gpscorrelate --show-gpx -z 0 IMG*.JPG
    
Remove GPS tags from photos:
    gpscorrelate --remove *.jpg
    
Add a GPS location tag to a photo taken to the southeast at Ulmer Münster:
    gpscorrelate -l 48.398620,9.991417,522 --direction 135 -z 2 ulm.jpg
    
gpscorrelate returns 0 in case of success, 1 in case of major error (such as a read or write error) and 2 in case of minor error (such as the given GPS track not covering the time of an image).
gpsd(1), gpsbabel(1), gpxlogger(1), cgpxlogger(1).
The documentation of gpscorrelate in HTML format is available on the
    filesystem at /usr/local/share/doc/gpscorrelate.
    
This manual page was initially written by Stefano Zacchiroli <zack@debian.org> for
    the Debian™ system.  It was extended by Till Maas
    <opensource@till.name> and Dan Fandrich
    <dan@coneharvesters.com>. Permission is granted to
    copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of
    the GNU General Public License, Version 2 or any later version
    published by the Free Software Foundation.